Contents

ARTICLES

197               New of Africa’s Performance on Sustainable Development from Safe Drinking Water, Improved sanitation and Secure Tenure Perspectives

Francis O C Nwonwu

215          The Dominance of the Spirit of neo-Liberal Capitalism in contemporary Higher Education Practices in Post-colonial Africa: A Reconstruction of an African Ethic of Indigenization.

Munyaradzi Felix Murove and George Sombe Mukuka

228          The Challenges of Developing Adventure Tourism in South Africa

Christian M Rogerson

245                 Marketing Communication Practices by Manufacturing Business Enterprises in Eritrea

Tsegazeab Tesfamariam, Marlize Terblanche-Smit and Nic S Terblanche

258          The Enduring Food Crisis in Africa and the State of Responses

Siphamandla Zondi

BOOK REVIEW

272          The Development Decade? Economic and Social Change in South Africa 1994–2004

Reviewed by Dorothea Dixon

                  Contents

ARTICLES

1              Black Gold and the New Scramble for Africa: The Case of São Tomé

Simiso Velimpini and Hussein Solomon

19           The Internationalisation of the Niger Delta Crisis: A Function of the Globalization of Human Rights

Christopher Isike, Victor Ojakorutu and Nwabufo Uzodike

44           Confl ict in the Great Lakes Region: Revisiting the Case of Burundi

Check N Achu

63           The Role of the African Union in Combating Terrorism

Richard Iroanya

76           The Role of the Church in Housing Provision: Implications for South Africa

Catherine Ndinda, Pauline Adebayo, Ambrose Adebayo

94           A Comparative Study of the Concept of Organisational Rights and Small

Businesses in South Africa and Botswana

AA Okharedia

117          Lesotho’s Policy Towards South Africa: Policy or Imperative? What has Changed?

Motlamelle Anthony Kapa

133          Assessing the Compliance of African Countries with Environmental

Sustainability Indicators for Sustainable Development

Francis OC Nwonwu

150          Leakages and Costs of Eco-Tourism: The Case of the Amazizi in the Northern Drakensberg

Sibonginkosi Mazibuko

169          Determinants of Potato Yield in Gikongoro Province, Rwanda

AR Bizoza, GF Ortmann and MC Lyne

BOOK REVIEW

186         South Africa 2005-2006: State of the Nation

• Editorial

•  Political Inclusion and Parliamentary Changes Among Thirteen States in the Former British Africa

Newell M Stultz

•  The Achievements and Challenges of the New

Partnership for Africa’s Development

Thekiso G Khati

•  Future Prospects for the Resolution of Conflict in the Western Sahara: Solution or Revolution?

Faten Aggad

•  Municipal Commonage in South Africa: A Public Good Going Bad?

Mark Ingle

• The Challenges Facing Organised Community Agricultural Projects to Alleviate Income Poverty in South Africa: The Case of Limpopo Province

Isaac Wilson Kwaw

•  Housing Experiences of Refugees: Policy Implications for South Africa

Catherine Ndinda, Pauline and Ambrose Adebayo

• Knowledge Efficacy as a Preventive Strategic Paradigm for Addressing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic

Kenneth N Mufuka, Robert Stevenson, and Shirley M Timmons

•  Corruption: Causes, Effects, and Deterrents

Henry Kyambalesa

•  Book Review

               Apartheid South Africa and African States: From Pariah to Middle Power, 1961-1994

Reviewed by Yazini Funeka April

Editorial: Governance and leadership in Africa

By Elizabeth le Roux

Consolidating Malawi's Democracy? An Analysis of the 2004 Malawi General

Elections

By Boniface Dulani

Beyond 'Third Term' Politics in Uganda: The Implications of Proposed

Constitutional Reforms for Democratic Governance

By Juma Anthony Okuku

Considering the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa

By Kaniye SA Ebeku

Gender Differences in Attributions of Success by Academics in Africa: A

Study of the National University of Lesotho

By Temesgen Zewotir and Dikokole Maqutu

The Relevance of Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Socio- Economic

Development in South Africa: Is Globalisation a Threat?

By Kenneth D Payle and Teboho J Lebakeng

Technical Vocational Education and Training in Botswana: The Challenge of

Joining-up Policy

By Salim Akoojee and Simon McGrath

Hating the Compound, but … Mineworker Housing Needs in Post-Apartheid

South Africa

By Lochner Marais and Anita Venter

The African Crisis, 'Development Partnerships' and the African Diaspora

Constructing the Synergies

By Adewale Aderemi

·         EDITORIAL: Decentralisation and Local

Initiatives for Development: African Perspectives

By Christian M Rogerson and Etienne Nel

·         Planning or Doing Local Economic Development? Problems with

the Orthodox Approach to LED

By Shawn Cunningham and Jörg Meyer-Stamer

·         Pro-Poor Local Economic Development in South Africa’s Cities:

Policy and Practice

By Etienne L Nel and CM Rogerson

·         Decentralising Poverty? Reflections on the Experience of Decentralisation

and the Capacity to achieve local development in

Ghana and South Africa

By Tony Binns, Gina Porter, Etienne Nel and Peter Kyei

·         Integrated Development Plans and Local Economic

Development: The Case of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

By Ashley Gunter

·         Manufacturing in the Former Homeland Areas of South Africa:

The Example of Free State Province

By Lochner Marais, Etienne Nel and Christian M Rogerson

·         New Development Paths for Indian Business in South Africa:

Evidence from Gauteng

By Nadya Bawa

·         Institutionalising pro-poor local economic development

through expanded public works in the

urban environment of Cape Town

By Susan Parnell, Shirlane Douglas and Jacqui Boulle

·         eThekwini Municipality’s economic developmentrelated

capital programmes: Improving the

prospects of the urban poor?

By Glen Robbins

·         Local Development Planning in Ekurhuleni:

Emerging Policy and Strategy in South Africa’s

Newest Metropolitan Area

By Christian M Rogerson

·         Decentralisation and Public Service Provision in

Zambia: Lusaka’s New Solid Waste Management

System

By Godfrey Hampwaye

·         Renewal of Small Town Economies: The Case of

Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

By Phila HL Xuza

·         Local Level Economic Initiatives in Nairobi: The

Case of Micro and Small Scale Garment

Manufacturers and Retailers

By Mary Njeri Kinyanjui

·         Cultivating Success in Malawi: Community-based

mushroom growing as an alternative livelihood

strategy

By Etienne Nel, Peter Illgner,Trevor Hill and JP

Gowela

·         The Emergence of Tourism-Led Local

Development: The Example of Livingstone,

Zambia

By Christian M Rogerson

·         Tourism Promotion as a Local Government

Response to Poverty: Ingwe Municipality,

KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

By S Gardyne,TR Hill and EL Nel

·         Entrepreneurship in Rural Tourism: The

Challenges of South Africa’s Wild Coast

By Lindile Ndabeni and Christian M Rogerson

·         The Emerging Role of Tourism in Mozambique’s

Post-War Reconstruction

By Wanjiku Kiambo

·         Local Development Funds and Poverty

Alleviation: Some Evidence from Nampula

Province, Mozambique

• EDITORIAL: We’re all affected by globalisation
  By Elizabeth le Roux
• Deconstructing the South African Government’s Information and Communication Technologies for Development Discourse
  By Sagren Moodley
• Internationalising South African Entrepreneurship: Identifying Strategy Drivers for Competitive Superiority
  By Frederick Ahwireng-Obeng
• Foreign Students as Tourists: Educational Tourism, a Market Segment with Potential
  By Ronnie Donaldson and Josephine Gatsinzi
• Rural, Urban and Peri-Urban Agricultural Potential in Buffalo City Municipality: Possibilities for the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
  By Abenet Belete, IK Mariga and W Goqwana
• Poverty Reduction or Induction? A Critical Appraisal of Lesotho’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
  By Vusi Mashinini
• Darfur and Sudan’s politics of deviance
  By Deon Geldenhuys
• Beyond Isolation: Towards Cooperative Relations and the Resolution of Ethnic Conflicts in a Contemporary African Society
  By Adebola Babatunde Ekanola
• Retired Military Officers in Politics and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria
  By Isiaka Alani Badmus
• Finding the Chiefs: Political Decentralisation and Traditional Authority in Mocumbi, Southern Mozambique
  By Euclides Gonçalves

• EDITORIAL: East African Popular Culture and Literature
  Guest Editors: James Ogude and Joyce Nyairo                            
• “The bad Baniani sports good shoes”: ‘Asian’ stereotypes and the problem of modernity in East Africa
  By Dan Odhiambo Ojwang
• The unhomeliness of home: Asian presence and nation formation in MG Vassanji’s works  
  By Godwin Siundu                         
• A failed romance: reading masculinity and love in David Karanja’s The Girl was Mine    
  By Catherine Muhoma                       
• ‘Breaking the chains’: female bonding and cultural emancipation in an emergent urban space in Kenya
  By Colomba Muriungi                       
• Dangerous affair:  the ‘dark side’ of romance         
  By Florence Sipalla            
• Kwani? Exploring new literary spaces in Kenya  
  By Dinah Ligaga                
• Mũgiithi performance: popular music, stereotypes and ethnic identity 
  By Maina wa Mũtonya                       
• BOOK REVIEW: The Mazruiana Collection Revisited, Ali A Mazrui: Debating the African Condition by Jacqueline A Kalley, Electoral Institute of South Africa, Johannesburg

• EDITORIAL: Gaining Insight into Change in Africa
  By Elizabeth le Roux
• The New Partnership for Africa’s Development: Promoting Foreign Direct Investment Through Moral Political Leadership
  By Zein Kebonang
• Mauritius: An Exemplar of Democracy, Development and Peace for the Southern African Development Community?
  By Gavin Cawthra
• Internet Adoption among Ghana’s SME Non-Traditional Exporters: Expectations, Realities and Barriers to Use
  By Robert E Hinson
• Of Visions, Development Plans and Resource Mobilisation in Africa: The Case of Ghana Vision 2020
  By A Issaka Abdulai
• Household Food Security and Nutritional Status in Zambia: Policy Challenges
  By Augustus Kapungwe
• Effects of Students’ Cults on Nigeria’s Educational System
  By Kola Babarinde and Oni A Adesoji
• South Africa and the IBSA Initiative: Constraints and Challenges
  By Darlene Miller
• Africans and African-Americans: An Enduring Relationship
  By Julius Amin
• Revisiting the Western Sahara Conflict
  By Faten Aggad and Dr Pierre du Toit Botha

• EDITORIAL: A Partnership for Development By Elizabeth le Roux
• Nepad and its Critics By Eddy Maloka
• Towards the World-Class African City: Planning Local Economic Development in Johannesburg By Christian M Rogerson
• The Rhetoric of Africanism in Johannesburg as a World African City By Mfaniseni Fana Sihlongonyane
• Rastafari in ‘The Promised Land’: A Change of Identity By Ababu Minda
• Community-based Range Resource Management for Sustainable Agriculture in Lesotho: Implications for South Africa By Vusi Mashinini and Gawie de Villiers
• Post-apartheid South Africa in the World Economy: An Assessment of Inequality in an Open Developing Country By Wim Naudé
• Improving Export Processing Zone Employer-Employee Labour Relations in Southern Africa By Simon M Kariuki
• OPINION: The Implementation of Democratic Principles in Nigeria: The Question of Visible and Invisible Hands By Akhabue A Okharedia
• BOOK REVIEW: Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, The Cold War, and the Roots of Terror, by Mahmood Mamdani, New York and Dakar: Pantheon Books and CODESRIA, 2004, By Lwazi Siyabonga Lushaba

• Sustainable Scholarship in Africa Elizabeth le Roux
• The Politics of Elections: Opposition and Incumbency in Ghana’s 2000 Elections By Emmanuel Debrah
• How do South Africans understand Democracy and Christianity? By Stephen Rule
• Ethnicity, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in a Democratic Nigeria: The Niger Delta Problem By Edlyne E. Anugwom
• DR Congo: The Long Road from War to Peace and Challenges for Peaceful Transition and National Reconstruction By André Mbata B. Mangu
• Seychelles’ Search for Security By Anthoni van Nieuwkerk
• Land restitution during apartheid’s dying days: The struggle for restoration and resolution in Roosboom By Barbara Xulu and Brij Maharaj
• ‘Sweat Equity’: Women’s Participation in Subsidised Housing in South Africa By Catherine Ndinda
• Higher Education Transformation: A Paradigm Shift in South Africa? By Kunle Amuwo
• Enduring inequality: An economic perspective on public school education in South Africa, with special focus on the Western Cape By Servaas van der Berg
• Spatial transformation in post-apartheid SA: An educational website, product of international collaboration, assessed By Dominique Vanneste and Lochner Marais
• Competitive intelligence in South Africa: 1999-2002 and beyond By Wilma Viviers, Andrea Saayman and Marie-Luce Muller
• OPINION: The Precautionary Principle as a common sense approach to Biotechnology Futures By Inus du Plessis
• OPINION: Projects gone too far: Sub-regional security efforts in Africa By Senzo Ngubane and Hussein Solomon

• EDITORIAL: Ethiopia: Challenges from the past, challenges for the future By Guest Editors: Melakou Tegegn, Pietro Toggia and Abebe Zegeye
• What did we dream? What did we achieve? And where are we heading? By Bahru Zewde
• Ethiopia’s fate after one generation By Berhanu Nega
• Inquiry into the seedbed of radicalism: the case of the Ethiopian educated elite By Messay Kebede
• Configuring the ‘body politic’: violence, political crimes and justice in Ethiopia By Pietro Toggia
• From social revolution to social regression: Ethiopia, 1974-2004-09-06  By Melakou Tegegn
• Ethiopia and the challenge of diversity By Christopher Clapham
• Keeping the peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea: reflections on the role of the UN and other role-players By Theo Neethling
• Imported dependency: food aid to Ethiopia causes more problems than it solves By Tillmann Elliesen
• The Beta Israel: Return to the Source? By Abebe Zegeye
• The reasons for failures in the reunification of Somalia By Che Ajulu
• BOOK REVIEW: Three Reflections on the Ethiopian Revolution By Pietro Toggia and Abebe Zegeye

• Political Institutions and Democracy in Africa by Karim Neirynk and Roger Southall
• African Economic Pragmatism, NEPAD and Policy Prostitution by Pieter Fourie and Brendan Vickers
• African Renaissance in the Global Trap by OO Oguntade
• Science and Technology in sub-Saharan Africa: Regional Co-operation in a Post-National Environment by Philip Nel and Frank Teng-Zeng
• Science, Public Understanding of Science and Indigenous Knowledge in the Context of a Culturally Diverse World by Gauhar Raza and Hester du Plessis
• What can South Africa Learn from Skills Development for Enterprise Development Experiences in the rest of Africa? by Simon McGrath
• Local Government Transformation in South Africa: Challenges for Local Economic Development in a Globalising Economy by Wim Naudé
• Report on the Gambia by Abdoulaye Saine

• Ecotourism in the South African context by David A Fennell
• Ecotourism for Community Development: Environmental Partnerships and the Il Ngwesi Ecotourism Project, Northern Kenya by Neil Thomas and Shirley Brooks
• Finding the middle ground between communities and tourism by Tim Foggin and Detlev Munster
• The socio-economic impacts of tourism on poor rural communities: The Mpembeni community, Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa by Ruth Kibirige
• Community-based tourism: The key to empowering the Sankuyo community in Botswana by Kevin Mearns
• The OUZIT initiative: Re-positioning Southern africa in global tourism by Christian M Rogerson
• Sustainable tourism in post-colonial southern Africa by Sanette Ferreira
• Tourism in Egypt by Hani Raslan
• Developing Zambia's tourism economy: Planning for 'The Real Africa' by Christian M Rogerson
• A road runs through it: Toruwim infrastructure development in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park by Gustav Visser and Nico Kotze
• Tourism in Morocco: Opportunities, challenges, threats by Scott Youngstedt
• Capitalising on indigenous cultures: Cultural village tourism in South Africa by Elizabeth Jansen van Veuren
• Developing a World Heritage Site by Adrian Magnussen and Gustav Visser
• Tourism policies and strategies in lesotho: A critical appraisal by Vusi Mashinini
• International and African tourism markets for South Africa: An economic analysis by Melville Saayman and Andrea Saayman
• Visiting Friends and Relatives: South Africa's most popular form of domestic tourism by Stephen Rule et al
• Tourism and transformation: Small enterprise development in South Africa by Christian Rogerson
• South African tourism and its role in the perpetuation of an uneven tourism space economy by Gustav Visser
• Rural local economic development through community-based tourism: The Mehloding hiking and horse trail, Eastern Cape, South Africa by Nkosithabile Ndlovu and Christian Rogerson
• Tourism planning and the economic revitalisation of Johannesburg by Christian Rogerson
• Military base conversion and tourism: The case of Port St Johns, South Africa by Diane Abrahams
• Changing casino tourism in South Africa by Christian Rogerson
• The World Wide Web and tourism in South Africa: The case of Open Africa by Gustav Visser

• The State, traditional rulers and "another democracy" in post-colonial Cameroon Nantang Jua
• To privatise or not? The case of Zambia Binta Abubakar and Gerry Nkombo Muuka
• Globalisation, social values and human rights NGOs in Nigeria Edlyne E Anugwom
• Learning-led competitiveness: A challenge for South African development Kennith King, Simon McGrath, Christian Rogerson and Kobus Visser
• Johannesburg: The economics of urban regeneration in Africa's financial capital John Luiz
• South Africa's military potency: Too lean, or too mean? Theo Neethling
• From New York to Lusaka and beyond: Angola's tortuous road to peace Hussein Solomon
• Voting for peace and democracy in Sierra Leone Mohammed Jalloh
• Challenges facing the newly restructured SADC Organ for Politics, Defence and Security Gina van Schalkwyk
• African foreign policy in a changing geo-strategic environment Frncis Kornegay and Iqbal Jhazbay
• Ecomog in West Africa: Lessons for future peace initiatives George Mboya

• In the crossfire of Zimbabwe's war for political survival Susan Booysen
• Rethinking non-account ability and corruption in Botswana 'Kenneth Good
• Home-based work: enabling or debilitating homes? Olusola Olufemi
• Implememnting Human Rights Principles: does post-apartheid South Africa measure up? Akhabue Okharedia
• Driving Developmental tourism in South Africa Christian M Rogerson
• AIDS in Africa: the sociocultural roots of the disease Eduardo Serpa
• They came, they saw, they cautioned Al Abdulai
• The African Union: Problems and Prospects Nthabiseng Nkosi
• NEPAD, as viewed through G8 eyes Yasukuni Enoki
• Romania and Africa: Old Trditions, New Oppertunities Radu Gabriel Mateescu

• Rulers, Rebels and Mercantilists WJ Breytenbach
• Ethnic Conflict Management in Nigeria Sally Matthews and Hussein Solomon
• Lessons from Yugoslavia Daniella C Lordanova
• Taking arhitecture back to its roots Gerald Steyn
• Management after magic Cornela Stols
• Planning Local Economic Development Christian M Rogerson
• Micro Lending at the crossroads Johan Hough
• Emerging farmers: You reap what you sow JHD Claasen, G du T de Villiers and MF viljoen
• Henry Kissinger's War Crimes in Africa Abayomi Azikiwe
• Nepad and Africa's future Eddy Maloka